The kappa is a Japanese monster with several unsettling habits. Not only will it attempt to suck all the blood from a person, but it will also remove the person's soul via their anus. The kappa is a water-dwelling creature that in most drawings resembles a terrible turtle. Its long limbs protrude from a reptilian body with a shell on its back. Feed The Beast Monster is one of the primary Feed The Beast modpacks for Minecraft 1.6.4. As of version 1.1.0, the pack is no longer in beta. It replaces the Feed The Beast Unleashed pack as a 1.6.4 version fitted with all new community favored mods, such as Project Red and Blood Magic. After taking the hit, the monster began to crack even more. 'Great job, guys! Now let's finish this!' Phillip raised his sword in the air and charged after the Rocky Travis. He jumped and slammed his sword on the ground through the Rocky Travis, slicing it in half. The monster was defeated and Travis's face flew off. 'What a waste of time!'
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With the growth in corn acreage in North Dakota, many producers are exploring harvest options that reduce cost or spread the harvest window. For livestock producers, harvesting corn as high-moisture grain is one option that will eliminate grain drying costs and produce a product that makes excellent feed for ruminant animals.
High-moisture corn (HMC) offers many advantages for producers who feed beef or dairy cattle. However, successfully using high-moisture corn requires attention to harvest timing, processing, storage conditions and feeding management.
What is High-moisture Corn?
High-moisture corn refers to corn harvested at 24 percent or greater moisture, stored and allowed to ferment in a silo or other storage structure, and used as feed for livestock.
Advantages of High-moisture Corn
■ High-moisture corn is similar in energy and protein content to dry corn.
■ No grain drying costs are encountered.
■ Yields typically are increased due to less ear drop in the field.
■ Longer-season (greater relative maturity) corn can be grown with greater yield potential.
■ High-moisture corn allows for an earlier corn harvest, avoiding difficulties associated with adverse weather and potentially spreading the workload during harvest.
■ Cattle have a longer window for grazing corn residue.
Disadvantages of High-moisture Corn
■ Marketing alternatives are limited. High-moisture corn is marketable only through livestock. Since it has fermented, high-moisture corn cannot be marketed for ethanol production or other uses typical for dry corn.
■ High-moisture corn may require additional storage and processing equipment.
■ Improperly ensiling high-moisture corn will result in excessive spoilage and storage losses.
■ High-moisture corn tends to ferment faster in the rumen and requires better bunk management, compared with dry corn.
Harvesting
High-moisture corn should be harvested at 24 to 33 percent moisture for optimum storage (maximum moisture of 40 percent). Harvesting corn at these moisture levels may require adjustments to harvest equipment to ensure grain is removed from the cob uniformly. Some damage to the grain is acceptable because it still will need to be processed prior to ensiling.
Processing
High-moisture corn should be processed (ground or rolled) prior to storage. Grinding or rolling and subsequent packing of the corn facilitates oxygen exclusion in the silo. The goal with processing should be to have no more than 5 percent fines and no more than 5 percent whole kernels.
For feeding purposes, rolling is the preferred method of processing (compared with grinding) because rolling will result in less fines and lower probability of acidosis due to rapid fermentation when feeding.
Photo 1 shows a high-capacity hammer mill specially designed for high-volume processing of high-moisture corn.
Photo 1.
High-moisture grain being processed with high-volume hammer mill for storage in a bunker silo (photo courtesy of Haybuster Inc.).
Photo 2 shows a tub grinder adapted to grind corn into a bunker silo.
Photo 2.
High-moisture grain being processed with a tub grinder (photo courtesy of Haybuster Inc.).
While grinding may lead to faster ruminal fermentation and greater risk of acidosis, this problem is an issue only when feeding rations that contain greater than 50 percent HMC. With the increased feeding of wet distillers grains, the risk of acidosis from feeding ground high-moisture corn is greatly reduced due to the reduction in total ration starch content. Likewise, most dairies finely grind the high-moisture corn to facilitate greater ruminal digestion, and since grain is generally less than 50 percent of the diet, acidosis is generally not a problem.
Storage
At moisture levels below 27 percent, water may need to be added to facilitate packing and fermentation. A good rule of thumb is to add 3.5 gallons of water per ton of corn for each percentage point the corn is below 27 percent moisture.
Bunker or Trench Silo
This is the best option for large volumes of corn harvested in a short period of time but will require a large-volume roller or hammer mill to process grain rapidly. Packing is done with tractors, which may be equipped with a dozer blade or front-end loaders. During feedout, the face of the bunker must be kept fresh to avoid heating, so the width of the high-moisture corn bunker should match the rate of use. Multiple narrower bunkers may be more useful than one wide bunker silo. Bunkers constructed of a cement base and sides will reduce spoilage better than earthen structures and provide a firm surface for equipment throughout the year.
Proper packing of the high-moisture corn in bunker silos also is critical to oxygen exclusion. Photo 3 shows a properly packed, covered and faced bunker silo filled with high-moisture corn. Proper packing, covering and facing will reduce spoilage losses and improve acceptability of the high-moisture corn in the feed bunk.
Photo 3.
Storing corn grain as high-moisture corn in a bunker silo (Greg Lardy, NDSU).
A minimum density of 45 pounds of dry matter per cubic foot is desirable for good-quality high-moisture corn. Packing grain in bunker silos can be dangerous, so be sure an experienced and safe tractor operator is operating the packing equipment.
Also, all bunker, trench and pile structures should be covered with plastic to create an anaerobic environment and minimize spoilage. Plastic covers should be inspected periodically and any holes or tears repaired.
Plastic Silage Bags
Photo 4 shows a large-capacity bagging machine filling a plastic silage bag with high-moisture grain. Bags are filled with a specialized bagger that also will process the corn to reduce oxygen inclusion as it stuffs the bag. Pressure can be varied to accommodate different feed products. Baggers are available for rent or purchase. Bags come in different sizes and lengths.
Photo 4.
A large-capacity bagger for placing feed ingredients in anaerobic storage (Greg Lardy, NDSU).
Clear a flat space of rocks and debris, and make sure the space is large enough for equipment to move around to fill bags. Sum 41 all killer no filler rapidshare. Be sure to inspect bags and plastic bunker covers for tears or holes because oxygen penetration in these areas can cause additional spoilage. In addition, producers should monitor bags and bunkers for evidence of wildlife depredation and take necessary steps to reduce depredation and silage losses.
Oxygen-limiting Silos
Whole high-moisture grain may be stored in certain types of oxygen-limiting silos. One advantage of these structures is that corn can be stored at lower moisture levels (22 to 26 percent moisture) than in bunker or plastic bag storage structures.
Check with the manufacturer to be sure your silo is designed to handle whole high-moisture grain prior to placing grain in the structure.
Additives
Certain additives may be beneficial in reducing fermentation and feedout losses in HMC. Lactic acid bacteria inoculants that have been developed specifically for high-moisture corn should be considered when the corn has been frozen or is harvested below the optimal moisture content. The use of acid preservatives may be warranted if substantial ear mold damage has occurred and mycotoxin production is prevalent in the standing crop. When considering the use of an additive for high-moisture corn, be sure to ask the manufacturer for research data to support efficacy claims.
Nutrient Content and Feeding Recommendations
The energy content of high-moisture corn is similar to dry-rolled corn (Table 1). However, high-moisture corn typically has higher ruminal and total tract digestion than dry-rolled corn. The higher ruminal digestion rate means producers need to pay particular attention to bunk management when feeding high-moisture corn.
Feeding The Monster Cracked
Table 1. Nutrient content of different corn harvest, storage or processing methods.
Feeding The Monster Crack Torrent
Proper bunk management includes taking care to thoroughly mix all ingredients in the ration, including ionophores or other supplements; feeding at the same time each day; adjusting feed delivered to intake of the animals; and observing cattle for signs of acidosis or feed refusal.In addition, because of its moisture content, high-moisture corn isprone to more rapid deterioration in the bunk than dry-rolled grain. In addition, increased spoilage losses can occur during storage, especially during the summer, if the high-moisture grain is not properly packed, covered and managed.
Research in Nebraska has documented advantages of feeding mixtures of high-moisture corn and dry-rolled corn in the finishing period. Other research has shown advantages of feeding mixtures of high-moisture corn and wet distillers grain during the finishing period as well.
Immature corn may be harvested effectively as high-moisture corn for feed. Research at NDSU indicates light-test-weight, immature corn harvested and fed as high-moisture grain produced equal performance as mature corn grain in feedlot steers.
Analyze grain for nutrient content to more accurately formulate rations because light-test-weight corn often contains more protein than heavy corn.
Pricing High-moisture Corn
When pricing corn, producers should take into account differences in moisture level, particularly with high-moisture corn. Dry corn typically is traded at 15.5 percent moisture. High-moisture corn can have moisture levels from 24 to 33 percent, which necessitates adjustment to a constant moisture level.
Summary
For beef cattle and dairy producers, harvesting corn as high-moisture grain offers many advantages. Nutrient content and moisture of high-moisture corn may vary depending on harvest timing, yield, variety and other factors. To reduce storage and spoilage losses, proper processing and storage recommendations should be followed with particular attention to kernel processing, oxygen exclusion/proper packing and covering bunker silos to reduce spoilage.
Take care when feeding high-moisture corn because it does have a faster ruminal digestion rate than dry corn. Consequently, better bunk management typically is required for successful feeding.
This publication was authored by Greg Lardy, NDSU Animal Sciences Department Head, and Vern Anderson, former NDSU animal scientist.
Feed The Beast Monster | |
---|---|
Name | Feed The Beast Monster |
Creator | The FTB Team |
Launcher | Feed The Beast Launcher |
Latest Version | 1.1.2 |
Minecraft Version | 1.6.4 |
Website | Official Website and Changelog |
Feed The Beast Monster is one of the primary Feed The Beast modpacks for Minecraft 1.6.4. As of version 1.1.0, the pack is no longer in beta.
It replaces the Feed The Beast Unleashed pack as a 1.6.4 version fitted with all new community favored mods, such as Project Red and Blood Magic.Previous modpacks contained mods which weren't included in the Feed The Beast Monster Pack, either due to mods colliding, not being updated, or other such reasons. It currently also holds the record of being the overall largest Feed The Beast modpack, with over 200 mods included.
Feed The Beast Monster | |
---|---|
Name | Feed The Beast Monster |
Creator | The FTB Team |
Launcher | Feed The Beast Launcher |
Latest Version | 1.1.2 |
Minecraft Version | 1.6.4 |
Website | Official Website and Changelog |
Feed The Beast Monster is one of the primary Feed The Beast modpacks for Minecraft 1.6.4. As of version 1.1.0, the pack is no longer in beta.
It replaces the Feed The Beast Unleashed pack as a 1.6.4 version fitted with all new community favored mods, such as Project Red and Blood Magic.Previous modpacks contained mods which weren't included in the Feed The Beast Monster Pack, either due to mods colliding, not being updated, or other such reasons. It currently also holds the record of being the overall largest Feed The Beast modpack, with over 200 mods included.
Mod List
Version 1.1.2 of the Monster Pack includes the following mods by default:
Name | Version |
---|---|
Additional BuildCraft Objects | 1.0.7.560 |
Advanced Genetics | 1.4.3 |
Agriculture | 1.2.15 |
Alternate Terrain Generation | 0.9.4 |
Another One Bites the Dust | 1.4.0 |
Applied Energistics | rv14.finale3 |
Aroma1997Core | 1.0.1.3 |
ArmorStatusHUD | 1.1.5 |
AutoUtils | 1.0.1 |
Backpacks | 1.28.37 |
BD Lib | 1.2.1.40 |
BetterStorage | 0.8.0.47 |
BiblioCraft | 1.5.5 |
BiblioWoods BoP | 1.3 |
BiblioWoods Forestry | 1.3 |
BiblioWoods Natura | 1.2 |
Big Reactors | 0.3.3A |
Biomes O' Plenty (disabled by default) | 1.2.1.416 |
Blood Magic (disabled by default) | 1.0.1e |
bspkrsCore | 5.2 |
BuildCraft | 4.2.2 |
Calclavia Core | 1.1.1.68 |
ChickenChunks | 1.3.3.4 |
Chisel | 1.5.0fix |
CodeChickenCore | 0.9.0.9 |
CoFH Core | 2.0.0.5 |
CompactSolars | 4.4.19.278 |
Compact Windmills | 1.0.3.0 |
ComputerCraft | 1.63 |
CraftHeraldry | 1.0.3 |
Damage Indicators | 2.9.2.4 |
denLib | 3.2.6 |
denPipes | 2.1.18 |
denPipes - Emerald | 1.1.6 |
denPipes - Forestry | 1.1.8 |
DragonAPI | 23b |
Dye Trees (disabled by default) | 23 |
Dynamic Liquid Tanks 2 | 0.0.8a |
Electricraft | 23b |
Emasher's Resource | 1.2.3.4 |
EnderStorage | 1.4.3.6 |
EnderIO | 1.0.5.0 |
Endernet (disabled by default) | latest |
Engineer's Toolbox | 1.1.8.3 |
Enhanced Portals 3 | 3.0.0.b5c |
EVOC | 1.0.0a |
Expanded Redstone | 23 |
Extra Bees | 1.8.0 |
Extra Cells | 1.6.9b |
Extra Trees | 1.8.0 |
Extra Utilities | 1.0.3c |
Factorization | 0.8.34 |
Flat Signs | 1.4.0.15 |
Forestry | 2.3.1.1 |
ForgeMultipart | 1.0.0.250 |
GasCraft | 2.0.4.3 |
Gate Copy | 3.1.4 |
Gendustry | 1.1.1.64 |
GeoStrata | 23b |
Highlands | 2.1.7a |
Hopper Ducts | 1.2.2 |
iChunUtil | 2.4.0 |
IndustrialCraft2 Experimental | 2.0.397 |
Inventory Tweaks | 1.5.6-b77 |
Iron Chests | 5.4.1.697 |
JABBA | 1.1.3 |
JourneyMap (disabled by default) | 3.3.2 |
Logistics Pipes | 0.7.4.dev.217 |
Lycanites Mobs (disabled by default) | 1.5.1c |
Magic Bees | 2.1.12 |
Magical Crops | 3.2.0beta15a |
Mariculture | 1.2.1e |
MeteorCraft (disabled by default) | 19b |
MFFS Calclavia | 3.6.2.9 |
Mimicry | 1.3.8.2 |
MineFactory Reloaded | 2.7.8-482 |
MineTweaker | 2.3.1 |
MobiusCore | 1.2.1 |
Modular Powersuits | 0.9.0-84 |
Morpheus | 1.2.32 |
Mystcraft | 0.10.13.01 |
Natura | 2.1.14 |
NEI Addons | 1.10.4.64 |
NEI Plugins | 1.1.0.6 |
Nether Ores | 2.2.2-55 |
Not Enough Items | 1.6.1.9 |
Not Enough Keys | 0.0.4 |
Nuclear Control | 1.6.2e |
Numina | 0.1.1-53 |
Obsidian Pressure Plates | 2.0.0.15 |
OpenBlocks | 1.2.8 |
OpenModsLib | 0.5 |
OpenPeripheral Addons | 0.1.4 |
OpenPeripheral Core | 0.4.0 |
Opis (disabled by default) | 1.2.2 |
Portal Gun (Mod) | 2.0.2 |
Power Converters | 2.4.0.pre3 |
PowerCrystalsCore | 1.1.8-10 |
Project Red | 4.3.5.30 |
qCraft | 1.1 |
QuarryPlus | 1.0.3 |
Railcraft | 8.4.0.0 |
Random Things | 1.9 |
ReactorCraft | 23b |
Redstone Arsenal | 1.0.0.0 |
Rei's Minimap (disabled by default) | 3.4.01 |
Reliquary | 1.1.2b |
RemoteIO | 1.11 |
Revamp | 1.2.2 |
Roguelike Dungeons | 1.3.2 |
RotaryCraft | 23b |
Sort Fix | 1.0 |
Special Mobs (disabled by default) | 2.6 |
StatusEffectHUD | 1.19 |
Steve's Carts | 2.0.0.b10 |
Switches | 1.3.0.25 |
Sync | 2.1.1 |
Thaumcraft 4 | 4.1.0g |
Thaumcraft Mob Aspects | 1e-b2 |
Thaumic Tinkerer 2 | 2.3-140 |
Thermal Expansion | 3.0.0.7 |
Tinkers' Construct | 1.5.3 |
Tinkers' Mechworks | 0.1.6 |
Torch Levers | 1.3.2 |
Twilight Forest | 1.20.5 |
Universal Electricity Core | 3.0.1.27 |
Waila | 1.5.2a |
Wireless Redstone ChickenBones Edition | 1.4.0.7 |
Zan's Minimap (disabled by default) | 1.6.4 |
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